HTML Introduction

HTML Introduction

What is HTML?
1. HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web Pages.
2. HTML stands of Hyper Text Markup Language.
3. HTML describe the structure of Web Pages using Markup Language.
4. HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML Pages.
5. HTML elements are represented by tags.
6. HTML tags label pieces of contents such as "Heading", "Paragraph", "Tables" and so on.
7. Any web browser do not display this HTML tags, but use them to render the contents of the web pages. 

About HTML

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language, which is the most widely used language on Web to develop web pages. HTML was created by Berners-Lee in late 1991 but "HTML 2.0" was the first standard HTML specification which was published in 1995. HTML 4.01 was a major version of HTML and it was published in late 1999. Though HTML 4.01 version is widely used but currently we are having HTML-5 version which is an extension to HTML 4.01, and this version was published in 2012.

Prerequisites

Before proceeding with this tutorial, you should have a basic working knowledge with Windows or Linux operating system, additionally you must be familiar with:

•       Experience with any text editor like notepad, notepad++, or Edit plus etc.

•       How to create directories and files on your computer.

•       How to navigate through different directories.

•       How to type content in a file and save them on a computer.

•       Understanding about images in different formats like JPEG, PNG format.

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language, Technology at its peak has enhanced communications to a level undreamed of. Today, with the advent of Internet, information can be conveyed across vast distances within the twinkling of an eyes. The Internet is an interconnection between several computers of different types belonging to various networks all over the globe. Simply one can say it is a network of networks. The Internet application that is currently drawing the most attention is the World Wide Web (WWW). WWW is a series of servers that are interconnected through hypertext. The World Wide Web was originally developed as a Government Research project at the CERN laboratories in Switzerland. The World Wide Web is based on the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP). This is the key to transferring hypertext documents and data across the Internet. One other key to understanding how to access the World Wide Web documents is the use of Uniform Resource Locators (URLs). URL is a naming convention for finding the location of any files on the webs. Hypertext Markup Language, a standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, colour, graphic, and hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages. This type of coding language which viewing by worldwide each and every corner of the world, by using this markup language we build a easy and interactive website to view worldwide. It's provide a latest news, communication, business, e-commerce, banking, education etc from the online at home. We learn everything from online facilities and gets more latest updates from worldwide. Coding of this website pages is coding in Hypertext markup language with the help of CSS, Java Script, ASP.NET, PHP etc. It's coding is very easy to learn and make a interactive website for educational and other purpose. Learner makes easily using this HTML, CSS, Java Script coding to make a website. It is easier to learn and understand. HTML tabs is declared by this method as:

Start < HTML > tab and closing < / HTML > tabs.

HTML The World Wide Web is a vast collection of files having various types of information known as Web pages. Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is an encoding scheme used to create web pages. It is specially design in such a way that it works on all computing environments.

As the name markup in the name suggested in HTML a section of the document is markup, i. e. tagged in a certain way so that the browser knows how to display that portion of the document. The HTML document are plain text files. They contain no images, no sounds, no videos and no animations. However, they can include links or pointers to these file types, which is how a Web Page ends up looking as if it contains non-text elements.

HTML is a versatile language and can be used on any platforms. The key to making the world wide web accessible from many different operating system platforms is the fact that the HTML document is simple ASCII text that can be read on nearly any operating system, including UNIX, DOS, Macintosh or Windows. 

HTML Overview

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, and it is the most widely used language to write Web Pages.

·         Hypertext refers to the way in which Web pages (HTML documents) are linked together. Thus, the link available on a webpage is called Hypertext.

·         As its name suggests, HTML is a Markup Language which means you use HTML to simply "mark-up" a text document with tags that tell a Web browser how to structure it to display.

Originally, HTML was developed with the intent of defining the structure of documents like headings, paragraphs, lists, and so forth to facilitate the sharing of scientific information between researchers.

Now, HTML is being widely used to format web pages with the help of different tags available in HTML language.

HTML A Brief History (Evaluation of HTML)

HTML is not an invention but an improved version of Standard Generalised Markup Language (SGML) . SGML is a meta language (General Purpose Language) used for defining and creating descriptive markup languages. It originated at IBM in the 1960s as General Markup Language (GML) in an effort to solve the problems of transporting information across different hardware platforms.

HTML has gone through several stages in its development. It has grown from a simplified set of text formatting codes all the way to what it is now: a rich, feature filled coded language that supports many graphical elements, multimedia objects, great alignment and display option for textual contents. As need as capabilities evolved, there have been additions to the basic set, called extensions. The following tables traces the growth of HTML from its inception to the present time.

Year	Descriptions
1990	It included only the basic structure elements. It assumed that all the browsers supported all the features.
1991	A prototype text interface was developed. It supported advanced features including highlighted text and graphics, depending on the browser’s capability.
1993	The unofficial newer version HTML+ was developed. It featured tables and introduced the world wide web as an interactive medium through the uses of forms.
1994	HTMl 2.0 was developed and implemented as a formal standardized specification.
1995	HTML 3.0 was not an official standard, it includes many new code tags, math tags and new features for text formatting.
1996	HTML 3.2 version incorporated many of Netscape’s browser extensions.
Today	Current set of standards is HTML 4.0, 5.0 and 5.2 that attempts to reduce the complexities of different web browsers. This version is starting to move towards a more logical methods of formatting web pages via “style sheets” which allows the precise formatting web designers wish for, and in a way to separate it from the content, making it easy to update the design of a web pages.

Example with Explained The declaration defines this document is HTML5 version
The < HTML > element is the root element of a HTML page.
The < title > element specified a title for the document.
The < body > element contains the visible page contents with the web browser.
The < h1 > element defines a large heading, there are < h1 > to < h6 > element are defined by default in the HTML document.
The < P > element defines a paragraph.

HTML Tags
HTML tags are element names surrounded by angle brackets.
< tagsnames > contents goes here.
There are many tags like < h1 > Heading, < p > Paragraph, Bold < b > etc.

As told earlier, HTML is a markup language and makes use of various tags to format the content. These tags are enclosed within angle braces <Tag Name>. Except few tags, most of the tags have their corresponding closing tags. For example, <html> has its closing tag</html> and <body> tag has its closing tag </body> tag etc.

Above example of HTML document uses the following tags:

Tag	Description
<!DOCTYPE...>	This tag defines the document type and HTML version.
<html>	This tag encloses the complete HTML document and mainly comprises of document header which is represented by <head>...</head> and document body which is represented by <body>...</body> tags.
<head>	This tag represents the document's header which can keep other HTML tags like <title>, <link> etc.
<title>	The <title> tag is used inside the <head> tag to mention the document title.
<body>	This tag represents the document's body which keeps other HTML tags like <h1>, <div>, <p> etc.
<h1>	This tag represents the heading.
<p>	This tag represents a paragraph.

To learn HTML, you will need to study various tags and understand how they behave, while formatting a textual document. Learning HTML is simple as users have to learn the usage of different tags in order to format the text or images to make a beautiful webpage.

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends to use lowercase tags starting from HTML 4.

Page Structures of HTML Documents